Author Kevin Quigley is Scholarly Director of the MacEachen Institute for Public Policy and Governance at .
Almost 1.5 million people watched the documentary Leaving Neverland earlier this month, making it the . The four-hour documentary describes how Michael Jackson allegedly groomed and sexually abused two children, James Safechuck and Wade Robson, during the late 鈥�80s to mid-'90s.
Child sex abuse of the type alleged in Leaving Neverland generates strong and negative visceral reactions. presented in Leaving Neverland was new, but it was a compelling narrative framed to draw in the audience and maximize sympathy for the alleged victims.
In her post-screening interviews of Jackson鈥檚 articulate and thoughtful accusers, Oprah Winfrey : 鈥淚t is happening right now. It is happening in families. We know it is happening in churches, and in schools and sports teams everywhere.鈥�
Winfrey isn鈥檛 wrong. Nonetheless, the suffering of 1,000 children should concern us more than the suffering of one or two children, but it does not. This is why fundraising campaigns normally focus on one child suffering as opposed to many. It has a much stronger emotional pull.
Psychologists refer to this as the . People are willing to aid identifiable victims much more than unidentifiable or statistical victims. We are also more willing to provide aid when one person is suffering, but our willingness decreases as you add more people. We cannot seem to process mass suffering.
One study I conducted with two colleagues , a seemingly healthy 13-year-old boy living in Toronto who died of the influenza virus H1N1. After his photo and story was featured prominently in the news, .
Despite a massive effort by government to encourage people to get vaccinated, polling data in the period immediately preceding Frustalgio鈥檚 death showed a decreased interest in getting the vaccine. Immediately after Frustaglio鈥檚 death, demand surged and parents rushed their children to clinics across Canada, standing in massive lineups.
The identifiable victim effect
In 2015, , a three-year old Syrian boy whose body washed up on a Turkish beach, focused international attention on the war in Syria, which had been occurring for years.
The circulation of Kurdi鈥檚 image, taken by photojournalist Nil眉fer Demir, through the news media prompted the Western public to put pressure on their governments to expedite the process for those seeking refugee status. In this way, a single photo .
The identifiable victim effect allows us to react strongly to individual suffering, like the experiences of Alan Kurdi and Evan Frustaglio, or the ones recounted in Leaving Neverland, but it also allows us to distance ourselves from mass suffering.
The United Nations that 723,000 Rohingya refugees have fled Myanmar, many of whom are children. These children disease outbreaks, malnutrition, physical danger and sexualized violence. UN Secretary General Ant贸nio Guterres has as 鈥渃atastrophic.鈥� Bob Rae, Canada鈥檚 special envoy to Myanmar, over the plight of the children.
But progress has been slow and uneven in Myanmar.
Although child sex abuse has been , the numbers remain high: , in 2012 there were approximately 14,000 children and youth who were victims of sexual abuse in Canada; that is, 205 victims for every 100,000 children.
The way media translates statistical and unidentifiable victims into stories can help to humanize the victims and motivate action. The action must be underpinned by an understanding of the magnitude of the problem, fair and just laws and moral intent, at home and abroad.
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